The Japanese monkey,
Macaca fuscata, had been observed
in the wild for a period of over 30
years.
In 1952, on the island of Koshima, scientists were providing
monkeys with
sweet potatoes dropped in the sand.
The monkeys liked the taste of the
raw sweet potatoes,
but they found the dirt unpleasant.
An 18-month-old female named Imo found she could solve
the problem by
washing the potatoes in a nearby stream.
She taught this trick to her
mother. Her playmates also
learned this new way and they taught their
mothers too.
This cultural innovation was gradually picked up by
various monkeys before
the eyes of the scientists.
Between 1952 and 1958 all the young monkeys learned to wash the sandy
sweet potatoes
to make them more palatable.
Only the adults who imitated their children learned this social improvement.
Other adults kept eating the dirty sweet potatoes.
Then something startling took place. In the autumn of 1958, a certain
number
of Koshima monkeys were washing sweet potatoes -- the exact number
is not known.
Let us suppose that when the sun rose one morning there were 99 monkeys
on Koshima
Island who had learned to wash their sweet potatoes.
Let's further suppose that later that morning, the hundredth monkey
learned
to wash potatoes.
THEN IT HAPPENED!
By that evening almost everyone in the tribe was washing sweet potatoes
before eating them.
The added energy of this hundredth monkey somehow created an ideological
breakthrough!
But notice.
A most surprising thing observed by these scientists was that the habit
of washing
sweet potatoes then jumped over the sea --
Colonies of monkeys on other islands and the mainland troop of monkeys
at
Takasakiyama began washing their sweet potatoes.
Thus, when a certain critical number achieves an awareness, this new awareness
may be communicated from mind to mind.
Although the exact number may vary, this Hundredth Monkey Phenomenon means
that when only a limited number of people know of a new way, it may remain
the
conscious property of these people.
But there is a point at which if only one more person tunes-in to a new
awareness,
a field is strengthened so that this awareness is picked up
by almost everyone!
(from the book "The Hundredth Monkey" by Ken Keyes, jr.
The
book is not copyrighted and the material may be reproduced in whole or
in part.
